{"id":120820,"date":"2023-03-02T16:10:45","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T15:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=120820"},"modified":"2024-06-12T18:20:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T17:20:00","slug":"drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-illegal-logging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-illegal-logging\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Drivers of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon: Illegal logging<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In the Colombian Amazon, the illegal extraction and trafficking of timber has been a persistent driver of deforestation. The global demand for timber became a threat to the forest even before cattle ranching and growing illicit crops. Throughout the Amazon region, logging causes drastic changes in land use: dense forests become deserted areas. In this fifth article of our series on drivers of deforestation, we analyse the actors and dynamics of illegal logging.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Text: Mar\u00eda Molina<br>Header photo: \u00a9 Britta Jaschinski \/ IUCN NL<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Other articles in the series \u2018Drivers of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon\u2019:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-land-grabbing\/\">land grabbing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-cattle-ranching\/\">cattle ranching<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-industrial-agriculture\/\">industrial agriculture<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-illicit-crops\/\">crops for illicit use<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/drivers-of-deforestation-in-the-colombian-amazon-minerals-oil-and-gas\/\">minerals, oil and gas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Illegal logging in the Colombian forests<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>More than 52% of Colombia is covered by forests, of which more than 100,000 hectares on average are deforested every year<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Instituto de Hidrolog\u00eda, Meteorolog\u00eda y Estudios Ambientales &#8211; IDEAM (2021). Resultados del Monitoreo de la deforestaci\u00f3n: 1. A\u00f1o 2020. 2. Primer trimestres del a\u00f1o 2021.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Currently, 10% of this figure is caused by illegal logging<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Environmental Investigation Agency &#8211; EIA. (2019). Condenando el bosque. Ilegalidad y falta de gobernanza en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. The destruction of the rainforest causes a great loss of biodiversity and is one of the main sources of C02 released into the atmosphere. Between 2000 and 2015, deforestation was responsible for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/ambiente\/bibo\/cinco-razones-por-las-que-el-trafico-de-madera-ilegal-nos-deberia-importar-a-todos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">up to 57% of the country&#8217;s total emissions<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Constructing (illegal) roads in the rainforest enables other high-impact extractive activities, creating the perfect circumstances for illegal occupation and transformation of remote, dense forest areas. These roads thus foster the expansion of illegal sectors<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FCDS. (2022). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fcds.org.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/arco-deforestacion-abril-2021-marzo-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Arco de deforestaci\u00f3n amaz\u00f3nica.<\/a>  P\u00e9rdida de bosque entre abril 2021 &#8211;&nbsp; marzo 2022.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. In 2022, FCDS identified 26,915 km of open roads in forest areas parallel to rivers, some of them leading to protected areas<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FCDS. (2022). Seguimiento de la p\u00e9rdida de bosque y cambio de cobertura en el arco de deforestaci\u00f3n en la Amazon\u00eda Colombiana.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Around 80% of the timber sold in the country is extracted from natural forests, threatening species in one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Timber from natural forests: a threat to biodiversity<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>It is estimated that 47% of the wood sold in Colombia is of illegal origin<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Colombia y WWF Colombia. (2022). Pacto Intersectorial por la madera legal en Colombia.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. The timber sector in Colombia is considered \u2018unproductive and uncompetitive\u2019, because the areas suitable for commercial forest plantations are not being used as such. Despite the fact that Colombia has a potential of 17 million hectares suitable for timber production<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible &amp; ONF Andina. (2015). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.minambiente.gov.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Uso-y-Legalidad-de-la-Madera.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Uso y legalidad de la madera en Colombia.<\/a> An\u00e1lisis parcial.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, only 540,430 hectares of legal forest plantations are registered<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">WWF Colombia. (2015). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wwflac.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/ilegalidadmadera_m3_b18_c5_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Causas de la ilegalidad de la madera en Colombia<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. So where does the wood for the global timber market come from?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Around 80% of the timber sold in the country is extracted from natural forests, threatening species in one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. The Amazon is among the Colombian regions most affected. The rainforest is an important source of timber, due to its richness in tree species of high economic value. Due to its density, it has almost inaccessible areas with little or no state presence and few economic opportunities for local communities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In the departments of Caquet\u00e1, Putumayo and Amazonas alone, <a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2019\/07\/madera-ilegal-tala-amazonia-colombia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 359,000 m3 of wood<\/a> was extracted between 2012 and 2017<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jos\u00e9 Yunis &#8211; Amazonia Soy. (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/amazoniasoy.com\/el-arco-de-la-deforestacion-hacia-el-amazonas-es-profundo-jose-yunis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">El arco de la deforestaci\u00f3n hacia el Amazonas es profundo.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. In the extreme northwest of this region one finds the so-called \u2018deforestation arc\u2019: the strategic area located between the Andean region, the plains of Orinoqu\u00eda and the \u2018deep Amazon\u2019. In this arc, 56% of the national deforestation takes place<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">MADS IDEAM. (2021). Actualizaci\u00f3n de cifras oficiales de monitoreo de bosque natural y deforestaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Illegal logging, lack of transparency and corruption<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The country\u2019s logging sector is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/ambiente\/bibo\/pacto-por-la-madera-legal-una-alianza-para-aprovechar-sosteniblemente-los-bosques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">permeated by informality and illegality<\/a>. Between 2008 and 2019, 40% of the Colombian timber was reported fraudulent on the international market. Global Financial Integrity analysed the financial data of the sector<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Global Financial Integrity &#8211; GFI. (2021). <a href=\"\/\/gfintegrity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/INFORME-INGLES-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Out of the Woods: Trade Misinvoicing and Exports of Tropical Timber from Colombia.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. They found the Colombian export figures to be lower than those reported by other countries: a difference of 65.6 million dollars. China and India are the main export countries for Colombia\u2019s timber.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Corruption and a lack of transparency are present in all aspects of the chain. Institutional weaknesses, in terms of control, exacerbate illegal practices. This includes obtaining permits in an irregular manner, unauthorised extraction, felling protected tree species, logging more trees than authorised, tax evasion and fraudulent export billing. It is estimated that Illegal logging and timber trade involves USD 750 million per year. Criminal and armed groups profit from laundering money, obtained through other illegal activities, through the logging sector<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">WWF-Colombia. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/wwflac.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/ilegalidadmadera_m3_b18_c5_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Causas de la ilegalidad de la madera en Colombia.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Three stages of illegal timber production<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>A study by the Environmental Investigation Agency identified three stages of logging in the Amazon region: extraction, processing and transportation. Extraction is carried out in private and public areas, including the forests on Indigenous territories and national parks. The Putumayo River, bordering Colombia with Peru, and the Amazon River, entering from Brazil, are being used to transport timber upstream, passing only few control points. Some of the logs are sawn into strips to make them easier to transport by truck, while others are transported uncut. Subsequently, the wood arrives at Puerto As\u00eds in the department of Putumayo, where it is taken to processing and commercialisation points in Caquet\u00e1<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_120820_1('footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Environmental Investigation Agency &#8211; EIA. (2019). Condenando el bosque. Ilegalidad y falta de gobernanza en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_120820_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Amazon rights in focus: peoples and forests protection<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Illegal logging severely affects local communities and indigenous territories, as they often depend on the resources the forest has provided them for generations. As a result, socio-economic inequality increases and rural communities are exposed to dynamics of illegal practices, corruption and extortion.<br><br>IUCN NL has joined forces with <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fcds.org.co\/\" target=\"_blank\">La Fundaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Sostenible<\/a> (FCDS), <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ambienteysociedad.org.co\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ambiente y Sociedad<\/a> and news platform <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mongabay<\/a> to protect the rights of the Indigenous Peoples and local communities in the Colombian Amazon. Because these people are the forest\u2019s best guardians. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/amazon\/\">More about Amazon rights in focus<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_47fd4c7db67863a8024e6e69fee3f39a\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_41abcca2ac25b0d6b6c8491102bc9101\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"team-members__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>More information? Contact:<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"team-members__body small-12 grid-x\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/liliana-jauregui-director\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/01\/79IUCN-121222-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/01\/79IUCN-121222-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Liliana Jauregui\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2560px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2560\/2560;\" 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related_content small-12\">\n    <div class=\"post__titlebar grid-x\">\n                    <h2 class=\"post__title\">News from the Colombian Amazon<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"post__body\">\n                    <div class=\"grid-x grid-margin-x show-for-medium\">\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/survey-results-underscore-continued-pressures-on-civic-spaces\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Survey results underscore continued pressures on civic spaces\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/promoting-deforestation-free-supply-chains-in-colombia-lessons-from-a-strategic-cross-sectoral-collaboration\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Promoting deforestation-free supply chains in Colombia: Lessons from a strategic cross-sectoral collaboration\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/opinion\/recycled-but-not-responsible-loopholes-in-recycled-gold-from-the-amazon\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gold-mining-in-Madre-de-Dios-Photo-Tom-Laffay-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gold-mining-in-Madre-de-Dios-Photo-Tom-Laffay-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gold-mining-in-Madre-de-Dios-Photo-Tom-Laffay-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Opinion\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Recycled but not responsible: loopholes in recycled gold from the Amazon\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/women-in-a-degraded-amazon-struggles-for-land-body-and-nature\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Women in a degraded Amazon: struggles for land, body and nature\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n                <div class=\"orbit\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"News from the Colombian Amazon\" data-orbit>\n                    <div class=\"orbit-wrapper\">\n                        <ul class=\"orbit-container\">\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/survey-results-underscore-continued-pressures-on-civic-spaces\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/protest-mining-in-the-Philippines-\u00a9-ATM-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Survey results underscore continued pressures on civic spaces\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/promoting-deforestation-free-supply-chains-in-colombia-lessons-from-a-strategic-cross-sectoral-collaboration\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-13-141352-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Promoting deforestation-free supply chains in Colombia: Lessons from a strategic cross-sectoral collaboration\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                             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                                      <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Recycled but not responsible: loopholes in recycled gold from the Amazon\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/women-in-a-degraded-amazon-struggles-for-land-body-and-nature\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Women-in-a-degraded-Amazon_Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Women in a degraded Amazon: struggles for land, body and nature\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <nav class=\"orbit-bullets\">\n                                                                            <button class=\"is-active\" data-slide=\"0\">\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span>\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\" data-slide-active-label><\/span>\n                        <\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"1\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"2\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"3\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                <\/nav>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_120820_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_120820_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_120820_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_120820_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Instituto de Hidrolog\u00eda, Meteorolog\u00eda y Estudios Ambientales &#8211; IDEAM (2021). Resultados del Monitoreo de la deforestaci\u00f3n: 1. A\u00f1o 2020. 2. Primer trimestres del a\u00f1o 2021.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_2');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_12');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Environmental Investigation Agency &#8211; EIA. (2019). Condenando el bosque. Ilegalidad y falta de gobernanza en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FCDS. (2022). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fcds.org.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/arco-deforestacion-abril-2021-marzo-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Arco de deforestaci\u00f3n amaz\u00f3nica.<\/a>  P\u00e9rdida de bosque entre abril 2021 &#8211;&nbsp; marzo 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FCDS. (2022). Seguimiento de la p\u00e9rdida de bosque y cambio de cobertura en el arco de deforestaci\u00f3n en la Amazon\u00eda Colombiana.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Colombia y WWF Colombia. (2022). Pacto Intersectorial por la madera legal en Colombia.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible &amp; ONF Andina. (2015). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.minambiente.gov.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Uso-y-Legalidad-de-la-Madera.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Uso y legalidad de la madera en Colombia.<\/a> An\u00e1lisis parcial.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">WWF Colombia. (2015). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wwflac.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/ilegalidadmadera_m3_b18_c5_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Causas de la ilegalidad de la madera en Colombia<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jos\u00e9 Yunis &#8211; Amazonia Soy. (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/amazoniasoy.com\/el-arco-de-la-deforestacion-hacia-el-amazonas-es-profundo-jose-yunis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">El arco de la deforestaci\u00f3n hacia el Amazonas es profundo.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">MADS IDEAM. (2021). Actualizaci\u00f3n de cifras oficiales de monitoreo de bosque natural y deforestaci\u00f3n.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Global Financial Integrity &#8211; GFI. (2021). <a href=\"\/\/gfintegrity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/INFORME-INGLES-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Out of the Woods: Trade Misinvoicing and Exports of Tropical Timber from Colombia.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_120820_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_120820_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">WWF-Colombia. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/wwflac.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/ilegalidadmadera_m3_b18_c5_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Causas de la ilegalidad de la madera en Colombia.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_120820_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_120820_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_120820_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_120820_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_120820_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_120820_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_120820_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_120820_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_120820_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_120820_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_120820_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_120820_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_120820_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_120820_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the Colombian Amazon, the illegal extraction and trafficking of timber has been a persistent driver of deforestation. The global demand for timber became a threat to the forest even before cattle ranching and growing illicit crops. Throughout the Amazon region, logging causes drastic changes in land use: dense forests become deserted areas. In this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":120829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[274],"class_list":["post-120820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication","tag-amazon-rights-in-focus"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120820"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176279,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120820\/revisions\/176279"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}