{"id":136666,"date":"2023-07-14T12:11:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T11:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=136666"},"modified":"2024-06-25T10:15:13","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T09:15:13","slug":"locally-led-adaptation-and-social-forestry-in-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/locally-led-adaptation-and-social-forestry-in-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Locally Led Adaptation and social forestry in Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indonesia is ranked in the top-third of countries in terms of climate risk<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_136666_1('footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_136666_1('footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_136666_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Climate Risk Profile: Indonesia (2021), The World Bank Group and Asian Development Bank&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_136666_1('footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_136666_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, with high exposure to all types of flooding and extreme heat. The intensity of these hazards is expected to grow as the climate is changing. Without effective adaptation to climate change, population exposure to climate risks will also rise. Climate change is likely to have impacts on water availability, disaster risk management, and health and nutrition, with severe implications for poverty and inequality. Analysis by ADB has highlighted the high potential of climate-driven increases in flood and drought frequency to increase the incidence of poverty in Indonesia. Empowerment of local stakeholders to lead in adapting to climate change ensures that the voices of communities on the frontline of climate impacts are heard in decision-making that directly affects their lives and livelihoods.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Header photo: The team of KKI Warsi in the forest \u00a9 Ruud Bisseling \/ IUCN NL<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Indonesia, like the other countries in Southeast Asia, is facing a dual challenge<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_136666_1('footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_136666_1('footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_136666_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Amit Prakash, 2018, \u2018Boiling Point\u2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2018\/09\/southeast-asia-climate-change-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-prakash\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2018\/09\/southeast-asia-climate-change-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-prakash<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_136666_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. The country does not only have to adapt to climate change caused largely by greenhouse gasses emitted over decades by advanced economies,&nbsp; it also must alter its own development strategies that are increasingly contributing to global warming and local disasters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Halting deforestation<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>One way to mitigate climate change is to halt deforestation for the production of palm oil and pulp for paper, for urban expansion and for mining and infrastructural works. From 2001 to 2021, Indonesia lost <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/42X9j7u\" target=\"_blank\">2.84Mha of tree cover from fires and 25.7 Mha<\/a> from all other drivers of loss resulting in large greenhouse gas emissions and putting valuable ecosystem services at risk. The negative environmental consequences of tropical deforestation and the fragmentation of forests are far-reaching and long-lasting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forests for livelihoods<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Indonesia has the third largest tropical rainforest in the world. The forests harbour a rich flora and fauna and important ecosystems and have social and economic functions for human life. The forests provide many Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IP&amp;LCs) with livelihood sources (such as water for rice fields, non-timber forest products like honey, nuts, and rattan), that are the cradle for the culture and identity of the IP&amp;LCs, and give protection against natural disasters resulting from climate change (such as flash floods and landslides). However, having no territorial rights, many IP&amp;LCs risk being deprived of their livelihoods and their capacity to effectively and sustainably manage their forests. To halt deforestation and to improve the welfare for forest-dependent communities, the Government of Indonesia introduced a Social Forestry programme (see below).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In 2016, the national government pledged to massively boost the area of forest land managed by communities \u2013 from 1.7 million hectares to 12.7 million hectares \u2013 in the following five years. As of August 2021, the government has granted land titles for 4.7 million hectares of state forest under the program.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_404114e848553e1ac7e20b00a512e06b\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"forestry\">Social forestry in Indonesia<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Despite their unique value for biodiversity and climate, Indonesia\u2019s forests are under threat from industrial agriculture, extractive industries and infrastructure development, which result in the destruction of forests, including their biodiversity, and in many cases lead to the confiscation of lands used by IP&amp;LCs. To address the problem of forest loss, the Government of Indonesia introduced a social forestry programme under which IP&amp;LCs can acquire a 35-year management permit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The programme not only aims to protect forests, but also to improve the welfare for forest-dependent communities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The Social Forestry programme provides an opportunity to ensure that forest-dependent communities are empowered to lead sustainable and effective adaptation to climate change at the local level (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iied.org\/principles-for-locally-led-adaptation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">locally led adaptation &#8211; LLA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/sustainable-forest-management-in-west-sumatra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn more<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-secondary\" id=\"block_5d60666f7598aa14ed02d7580fb7abe3\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The principles for Locally Led Adaptation<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Devolving decision making to the lowest appropriate level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Addressing structural inequalities faced by women, youth, children, disabled and displaced people, Indigenous Peoples and marginalised ethnic groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing patient and predictable funding that can be accessed more easily.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investing in local capabilities to leave an institutional legacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Building a robust understanding of climate risk and uncertainty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flexible programming and learning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring transparency and accountability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collaborative action and investment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>These <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iied.org\/principles-for-locally-led-adaptation\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.iied.org\/principles-for-locally-led-adaptation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">principles for locally led adaptation<\/a> were developed by the Global Commission on Adaptation and were endorsed by 100 organisations. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/exploring-locally-led-adaptation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn more about locally led adaptation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Front-runners in social forestry<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Since 2011, IUCN NL has supported <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/warsi.or.id\/\" target=\"_blank\">KKI WARSI<\/a> as one of the front-runners among Indonesian CSOs to realise social forestry permits for IP&amp;LCs, and to engage with the government to improve the policy framework and to simplify the procedures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Acquiring a social forestry permit is the first step and in most cases a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/a-long-journey-to-get-rights-to-manage-a-village-forest-in-indonesia\/\"><u>long and complicated bureaucratic process<\/u><\/a>. Without support from organisations like KKI WARSI, it is nearly impossible for local communities to obtain such a permit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Once a community has acquired a social forestry permit, it has to establish strong and effective institutions that govern access to forest resources and formulate formal rules at the village or community level. It has to establish a village forest management group (VFMG) that must develop a work plan for the forest management and seek approval from the different parties in the communities (LLA Principle 1). To this end the VFMG may invite the community for critical discussions to see the benefit of the forests and the impacts of deforestation and climate change &#8211; landslides in the rainy season and lack of irrigation water in the dry season (LLA Principle 5).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sustainable management of forests<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Another task of the VFMG is to patrol the forests to prevent illegal activities. Although there is more sense of ownership and social control in the community forests, illegal activities, like logging and mining, still occur. This is particularly the case in large forest areas that are hard to continuously monitor on the ground. In e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/sustainable-forest-management-in-west-sumatra\/\">Sirukam, West Sumatra<\/a> &nbsp;the forest area covers more than 3900 ha. In this village forest and in other community forests in West Sumatra, IUCN NL facilitated Rainforest Connection to place <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/upcycled-smartphones-installed-in-indonesia-to-fight-illegal-logging-and-poaching\/\">solar-powered upcycled smartphones<\/a> high up in the trees. &nbsp;This so-called Guardian sends a signal to the forest guards when it picks up the sounds of poachers and illegal loggers. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The communities are supported in their need for capacities, incentives and resources to sustainably manage and use their community-titled forests (LLA Principle 4). Village enterprises are established for processing and marketing crops and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Examples are the planting of agroforestry crops with high economic value, such as coffee, and collection of NTFPs such as rattan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/womens-group-increases-income-by-making-candlenut-oil\/\">candlenut<\/a> and honey.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136656 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG_5384-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/683;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Training for community-based organisations by Warsi <\/em><br><em>\u00a9 KKI Warsi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"587\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil-1024x587.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136658 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil-1024x587.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil-1536x880.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Still-video-candle-nut-oil.png 1873w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/587;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Women who produce candle nut oil show their products <\/em><br><em>\u00a9 KKI Warsi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accessible funding and new forms of leadership<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Community-based organisations (CBOs) &#8211; VFMGs, Village Enterprises and Women Groups &#8211; that are working in the context of sustainable forest management, are encouraged and trained to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/strengthen-the-roots\/\"> mobilise local support<\/a> (e.g. fundraising, advocating for government extension services) for their work (LLA Principle 3). KKI WARSI invites women organisations to train local facilitators in implementing <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/apwld.org\/feminist-participatory-action-research-fpar\/\" target=\"_blank\">Feminist Participatory Action Research<\/a> aimed at creating new forms of collaborative relationships essential to empower women, to amplify their voices and foster women leadership (LLA Principle 2). In the targeted villages, a change in the structure of the CBOs can be observed. &nbsp;Previously they were dominated by men and the elderly, now more and more women and youth are actively involved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>KKI WARSI is facilitating meetings between CBOs in the same landscape to build networks and learning systems. For local and national CSOs, a platform has been developed to share knowledge and experience in conducting sustainable natural resource management and LLA.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partnering with local governments<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Finally, KKI WARSI is addressing the possibilities and obstacles currently faced by local governments in tackling the impact of climate change. Local governments often lack capacity and resources and need the extra support of communities and nongovernment actors \u2013 as equal partners \u2013 in order to be more effective. Through the sharing of lessons learnt, models and updates from the field, KKI WARSI is advocating for sub-national government departments (provincial, district, sub-district and village level) to elaborate and agree on locally-led landscape management practices in the light of climate change and on the provision of support to village enterprises and IP&amp;LC sustainable forest management. Village governments are supported in the development of a shared vision and a strengthened role in the perspective of regional development and the impact of climate change.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Up until now, IUCN NL has supported Indonesian CSOs under different programmes to secure the rights of communities to sustainably manage their forests and to empower CBOs to develop their own economic and cultural models to adapt to the impact of climate change (LLA Principle 6).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Access to climate and biodiversity funds<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Climate and biodiversity funds should be made available to support competent organisations like KKI WARSI in its facilitation of IP&amp;LCs to acquire a social forestry permit and to empower forest dependent communities to lead sustainable and effective adaptation to climate change at the local level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forests for a Just Future programme<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>IUCN NL contributes to more sustainable and inclusive management of tropical forests that supports climate mitigation and adaptation, human rights, and the livelihoods of local communities. This is done through the Forests for a Just Future program, together with civil society organisations like KKI Warsi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/our-work\/forests-and-climate\/\">Read more about forests &amp; climate<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_404114e848553e1ac7e20b00a512e06b\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_e97b10aa95c0c70fbef2e03d3f39ea4d\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"team-members__body small-12 grid-x\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/68IUCN-160519.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/68IUCN-160519.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2373px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2373\/2373;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Evelien\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvan den Broek<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Senior Expert Environmental Justice<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:evelien.vandenbroek@iucn.nl\">evelien.vandenbroek@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_136666_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_136666_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_136666_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_136666_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_136666_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Climate Risk Profile: Indonesia (2021), The World Bank Group and Asian Development Bank <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-05\/15504-Indonesia%20Country%20Profile-WEB_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-05\/15504-Indonesia%20Country%20Profile-WEB_0.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_136666_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_136666_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_136666_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Amit Prakash, 2018, \u2018Boiling Point\u2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2018\/09\/southeast-asia-climate-change-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-prakash\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2018\/09\/southeast-asia-climate-change-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-prakash<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_136666_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_136666_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_136666_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_136666_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_136666_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_136666_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_136666_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_136666_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_136666_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_136666_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_136666_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_136666_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_136666_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_136666_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indonesia is ranked in the top-third of countries in terms of climate risk[1]Climate Risk Profile: Indonesia (2021), The World Bank Group and Asian Development Bank&nbsp;&#x2026; Continue reading, with high exposure to all types of flooding and extreme heat. The intensity of these hazards is expected to grow as the climate is changing. Without effective adaptation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":136525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[172,286,179,183,301],"class_list":["post-136666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-story","tag-community-governance","tag-forests-and-climate","tag-forests-for-a-just-future-en","tag-human-rights-and-nature","tag-strengthen-the-roots-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136666"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177686,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136666\/revisions\/177686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}