{"id":188332,"date":"2024-09-02T10:12:54","date_gmt":"2024-09-02T09:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/no-category\/het-kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework-wat-gaat-er-gebeuren-tijdens-cop16\/"},"modified":"2024-09-23T08:26:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T07:26:17","slug":"the-kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework-what-will-happen-at-cop16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/the-kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework-what-will-happen-at-cop16\/","title":{"rendered":"The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: what will happen at COP16?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was agreed to halt global biodiversity loss. This year, from 21 October to 1 November, the <sup>16th<\/sup> Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP16) will take place in Cali, Colombia. This Conference of the Parties (COP) will look at countries&#8217; progress in implementing the Global Biodiversity Framework and what is needed to meet the 2030 targets. In this blog, we dive deeper into what the Global Biodiversity Framework means, what to expect from the upcoming conference and how individual countries can contribute to the goals.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Header photo: Valle de Cocora, Colombia \u00a9 Nicolas Pratlong via Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the biodiversity crisis?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Globally, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) estimates that one million species are threatened with extinction <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">IPBES (2019). <em>Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/global-assessment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/global-assessment<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Also, almost half of the 2810 ecosystems studied by IUCN are threatened <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">IUCN (2023). Red List of Ecosystems <a href=\"https:\/\/iucnrle.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/iucnrle.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> and 20-40% of the global land area is degraded <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNCCD (2022). <em>Global Land Outlook 2<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/resources\/global-land-outlook\/glo2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/resources\/global-land-outlook\/glo2<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Moreover, the area of wetlands has decreased by 35% since 1970 and many marine habitats are not thriving. These losses affect not only the intrinsic value of nature, but also the benefits that nature provides to people, such as health and stability of planetary processes<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_188332_1('footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UN (2021). World Ocean Assessment II <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/regularprocess\/woa2launch\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/regularprocess\/woa2launch<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_188332_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/blog\/het-kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework-wat-gaat-er-gebeuren-tijdens-cop16\/#note18282814\"><\/a>. The main global causes of the biodiversity crisis are changes in land use and the unsustainable use of species and ecosystems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>To halt global biodiversity loss, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) was concluded at the <sup>15th<\/sup> Conference of Parties of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in 2022. The KM-GBF contains 23 targets for urgent action that together cover all key steps with the aim of halting global biodiversity loss and restoring biodiversity by 2030 with the ultimate goal of living in harmony with nature by 2050. Besides halting biodiversity loss itself, the agreement also focuses on securing nature&#8217;s services for humans, equitably sharing the benefits of biodiversity use, and the financing needed to meet the targets. Actions to meet the targets must be completed by 2030.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The targets in the KM-GBF are based on the scientific findings and recommendations of the IPBES.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/nieuws\/nieuw-wereldwijd-akkoord-om-biodiversiteit-te-redden-is-een-feit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about the Global Biodiversity Framework<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do we ensure the targets are achieved?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The extent to which the targets will be met will depend on the ambition and speed with which the agreements in the KM-GBF are transposed into national laws, regulations, and other policies that ensure concrete action and change. For this, national strategies, and action plans, called National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), need to be formulated. These are national policy documents that countries prepare to fulfil their commitments under the KM-GBF. These plans contain strategies and actions specific to the national context and priorities for biodiversity conservation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>&#8216;The Global Biodiversity Framework will remain just a promise on paper if we do not take action. Without a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan that fully embraces the 23 targets, sufficient resources to support them, and a robust monitoring system to measure and adjust progress, the Netherlands cannot achieve the necessary changes for biodiversity restoration.&#8217;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><sub><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Coenraad Krijger, director IUCN NL<\/mark><\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-responsive-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>All countries must have drawn up or adapted their national action plans based on the goals from the KM-GBF by the start of COP16. Indeed, the action plans will be reviewed and fine-tuned during this COP to ensure effective contribution to achieving the global biodiversity targets. As a CBD contracting party, the Netherlands has also committed to submit an action plan. This plan covers the entire Kingdom of the Netherlands, i.e. the European and Caribbean part.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dashboardbiodiversiteit.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discover the state of Dutch nature on the National Dashboard for Biodiversity<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;mso-bidi-font-family:Aptos\"><\/span><br><br><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What else can we expect at CBD COP16?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Colombia, as chair of the COP, has chosen \u2018<em>peace with nature<\/em>\u2019 as its overarching theme. This theme calls for improving the relationship between humans and nature and finding ways to change the current model of extraction, overexploitation, and pollution of nature. Colombia aims to establish a peace with nature coalition<em> <\/em>during COP16.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The main <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/article\/colombia-host-city-cali-cop16\">goal of COP16<\/a> is to promote the implementation of the goals in the KM-GBF. Three issues are expected to take centre stage during the formal negotiations, namely how the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund should function, and what are the modalities of a multilateral mechanism for the fair sharing of benefits arising from the use of Digital Sequence Information of genetic resources. There will also be negotiations on the arrangements around the global review of KM-GBF implementation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In addition, the monitoring framework agreed at COP15 will be further developed to better track implementation progress. A strengthened monitoring and reporting system is crucial to ensure that biodiversity targets are met.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Low- and middle-income countries expect dedicated support from high-income countries for the implementation of the KM-GBF during this COP. North-South and triangular collaborations, which focus on the transfer of knowledge, technology, and finance, will play a crucial role here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who is attending COP16 in Cali?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Government delegations from the 196 countries that have signed the KM-GBF will be present at the COP. A separate segment will be organised for ministers, heads of state and government. As a member state of the European Union, the Netherlands has co-signed the KM-GBF and will therefore be present at the COP in Cali.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>COP16 is to be the \u2018People&#8217;s COP\u2019 because Colombia, as organiser, will pay specific attention to Indigenous people and local communities. There is ample attention to participation from civil society, including companies, financial institutions, NGOs, knowledge institutions, youth, and women&#8217;s groups.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read more<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/iucn.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-09\/iucn-position-paper-for-cbd-cop16-on-scientific-and-technical-issues.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/iucn.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-09\/iucn-position-paper-for-cbd-cop16-on-scientific-and-technical-issues.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IUCN&#8217;s position paper about COP16<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background \" id=\"block_93c5dc8c994d4d5bf11587ff3dcfa0c7\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div 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src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"posts related_content small-12\">\n    <div class=\"post__titlebar grid-x\">\n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"post__body\">\n                    <div class=\"grid-x grid-margin-x show-for-medium\">\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/reflections-on-sdgp-webinars-lessons-learnt-best-practices-and-ways-forward-for-biodiversity-and-climate\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Reforestation-project-Ecotrust-Uganda_Photo-Fanny-Verkuijlen-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Reforestation-project-Ecotrust-Uganda_Photo-Fanny-Verkuijlen-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Reforestation-project-Ecotrust-Uganda_Photo-Fanny-Verkuijlen-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Reflections on SDGP webinars: lessons learnt, best practices, and ways forward for biodiversity and climate\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/the-kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework-resuming-cop16-in-rome\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/02\/54111314549_caedba6c2d_o-scaled-e1740051456770-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/02\/54111314549_caedba6c2d_o-scaled-e1740051456770-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/02\/54111314549_caedba6c2d_o-scaled-e1740051456770-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: resuming COP16 in Rome\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/webinar-implementing-the-global-biodiversity-framework-in-multi-functional-agricultural-landscapes\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rice-fields-in-Madagascar-Graphic-Node-on-Unsplash-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rice-fields-in-Madagascar-Graphic-Node-on-Unsplash-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rice-fields-in-Madagascar-Graphic-Node-on-Unsplash-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Event\n                                    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[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NBSAP-Explainer-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NBSAP-Explainer-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            The Netherlands on its way to COP16: What is a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan?\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    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[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Reforestation-project-Ecotrust-Uganda_Photo-Fanny-Verkuijlen-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Reflections on SDGP webinars: lessons learnt, best practices, and ways forward for biodiversity and climate\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            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Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: resuming COP16 in Rome\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/webinar-implementing-the-global-biodiversity-framework-in-multi-functional-agricultural-landscapes\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            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class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            The Netherlands on its way to COP16: What is a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan?\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <nav class=\"orbit-bullets\">\n                                                                            <button class=\"is-active\" data-slide=\"0\">\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span>\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\" data-slide-active-label><\/span>\n                        <\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"1\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"2\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"3\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                <\/nav>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_188332_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_188332_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_188332_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_188332_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_188332_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">IPBES (2019). <em>Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/global-assessment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/global-assessment<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_188332_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">IUCN (2023). Red List of Ecosystems <a href=\"https:\/\/iucnrle.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/iucnrle.org<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_188332_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNCCD (2022). <em>Global Land Outlook 2<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/resources\/global-land-outlook\/glo2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/resources\/global-land-outlook\/glo2<\/span><\/a> <\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_188332_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_188332_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_188332_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UN (2021). World Ocean Assessment II <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/regularprocess\/woa2launch\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/regularprocess\/woa2launch<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_188332_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_188332_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_188332_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_188332_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_188332_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_188332_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_188332_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_188332_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_188332_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_188332_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_188332_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_188332_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_188332_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_188332_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was agreed to halt global biodiversity loss. This year, from 21 October to 1 November, the 16th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP16) will take place in Cali, Colombia. This Conference of the Parties (COP) will look at countries&#8217; progress in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":167644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[59,61],"tags":[176,188],"class_list":["post-188332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-story","tag-convention-on-biological-diversity","tag-nature-policy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188332"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192190,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188332\/revisions\/192190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/167644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}