{"id":197174,"date":"2024-10-11T11:15:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T10:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=197174"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:19:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T11:19:41","slug":"sustaining-water-through-forests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/sustaining-water-through-forests\/","title":{"rendered":"Sustaining water through forests\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tropical forests play a critical role in the stable provisioning of clean, fresh water and related ecosystem services. The challenge of water scarcity is exacerbated by climate change, with roughly half of the world\u2019s population experiencing severe water scarcity for at least part of the year. At IUCN NL, we work towards sustained water supply for healthy ecosystems, productive landscapes and fair access to good quality water for local communities. Our distinctive approach to water and forests focuses on a bottom-up strategy, prioritising local CSOs and communities. We integrate the agendas of climate, water, biodiversity, and the rights and livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&amp;LCs).<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64b05fd23d77e888559105039e185f06\"><em>Header photo: Philippines (c) Maartje Hilterman\/IUCN NL<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Globally, both people and ecosystems suffer the consequences of inadequate availability of and access to clean water. Climate change is expected to further exacerbate this, its impacts are primarily felt through worsening floods, rising sea levels, wildfires and droughts. Good \u2013 inclusive and just &#8211; water governance is central to building the resilience of societies and ecosystems and to reducing carbon emissions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The importance of forests for water&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Forests play an essential role in regulating fluxes of atmospheric moisture and rainfall patterns over land through processes like evapotranspiration. This process, where water is transferred from soil and plants to the atmosphere, is crucial for precipitation recycling, contributing at least 40% of rainfall over land and up to 70% in some regions like the Amazon<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_197174_1('footnote_plugin_reference_197174_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_197174_1('footnote_plugin_reference_197174_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_197174_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_197174_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959378017300134#sec0010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959378017300134#sec0010<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_197174_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_197174_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Our approach<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fair access to water&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In a world that is facing a water crisis and where water scarcity and pollution are creating tensions and fueling conflicts, we need locally-embedded actions that promote good water governance and water justice through the protection of forests. At IUCN NL, we work towards ensuring a sustainable water supply for ecosystems and communities and we have made it an integral part of all our work on forests.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Our approach integrates water governance with biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and social equity, promoting fair access to water and addressing the needs of both IP&amp;LCs and the urban population. We do this in collaboration with civil society organisations (CSOs) in South America, Southeast Asia and Africa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>With these CSOs, we work to protect and restore watersheds, rivers and creeks. We strengthen the capacity and voice of IP&amp;LCs in water governance and management. We also ensure that these communities, including women and youth, can participate in decision-making processes that concern their water sources. In support of this, we work towards improved local and national water policies and their implementation and support legal action if needed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Water footprint and conflicts<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In our work we also address the water footprint and conflicts caused by mining, industrial agriculture and dams. These economic activities consume large amounts of water, degrade and often pollute water resources. Reducing the water footprint and improving water governance can help mitigate conflicts and ensure a just and fair water distribution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>We advocate for water policies and investments that take into account nature, biodiversity, climate and fair access to water for communities and help to facilitate dialogue at different levels. We also support IP&amp;LCs and other (women) environmental defenders to achieve water justice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>On the international level, we link water to global agreements such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the Paris Agreement and make use of the UN\u2019s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/the-netherlands-accepts-corporate-social-responsibility-recommendations-requested-by-iucn-nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in the Netherlands<\/a> and in tropical forest countries to put water justice issues on the agenda.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Examples of our work for improved water governance<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Some examples of how we, together with its CSO partners, contribute to good water governance:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Addressing the water crisis in Chiquitania, Bolivia<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In Bolivia, we work with&nbsp; Probioma and Cedib to address the issue of water scarcity and wildfires in the tropical dry forest of the Chuiquitania region, where agribusinesses are pushing the deforestation and water scarcity to limits which are affecting local communities severely. We support the set-up of community-based water committees and their legal recognition, allowing community members to have a seat at the table in decision making spaces at the local and regional government.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/beyond-the-amazon-chiquitania-a-forest-gem-navigating-a-water-crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about the water crisis in Chiquitania<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/thumbnail_image-1-1-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-197198 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/thumbnail_image-1-1-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/thumbnail_image-1-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/thumbnail_image-1-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/thumbnail_image-1-1.png 1163w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/682;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sustainable water management through social forestry in Indonesia<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>With our partner WARSI, we work towards the protection of forests and water resources in West Sumatra, by assisting local communities to establish their village forests. Village Forest Management Groups have been formed and community-based enterprises established, leading to effective and continued water flows for the benefit of nature and local agriculture.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/sustainable-forest-management-in-west-sumatra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about social forestry in Indonesia<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Saving Atewa Forest\u2019s water resources<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In Ghana, we work with A Rocha Ghana and the Concerned Citizens of Atewa Landscape to protect the&nbsp; Atewa Forest, which is not only a key biodiversity area but also an important source of water for over five million people, including in the capital of Accra.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/the-impact-of-bauxite-mining-in-ghanas-atewa-forest\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/the-impact-of-bauxite-mining-in-ghanas-atewa-forest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about our work to protect the Atewa forest&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protecting Marbel Buluan\u202fWatershed<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In the Philippines, we work with Alyansa Tigil Mina&nbsp; and the Convergence of Initiatives for Environmental Justice to protect the Marbel Buluan Watershed, which is a main water source for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes on the island of Mindanao. A large copper and gold mine&nbsp; is threatening the watershed. A major victory was achieved in 2024: the signing of a local law that formally protects the Marbel Buluan Watershed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/major-victory-for-the-protection-of-the-marbel-buluan-watershed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about this success<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Watershed agreements in Bolivia&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In Bolivia, we work with Fundaci\u00f3n Natura Bolivia to tackle the issue of water scarcity, which is increasingly faced by communities across Bolivia.&nbsp; The community-driven watershed agreements are made to incentivise forest conservation and address the impacts of climate change.\u202f Their essence lies in their simplicity and reciprocal nature: upstream landowners are incentivised to conserve forests\u2014not through complex economic transactions, but through tangible, mutually beneficial exchanges with downstream users.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/bolivias-watershed-agreements-a-case-study-of-locally-led-adaptation-for-climate-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read more about the case of watershed agreements in Bolivia&nbsp;<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IUCN NL\u2019s projects for water &amp; forests<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/forests-for-a-just-future\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/forests-for-a-just-future\/\">Forests for a Just Future programme by the Green Livelihoods Alliance<\/a>, IUCN NL contributes to more sustainable and inclusive management of tropical forests that supports climate mitigation and adaptation, human rights, and the livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.\u202f&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>With the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/strengthen-the-roots\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Strengthen the Roots project<\/a>, IUCN NL and Wilde Ganzen support community based organisations in Bolivia, Ghana and Indonesia that stand up for nature in and around their communities, enabling them to mobilize local support for their work. This way, Strengthen the Roots works on nature conservation that is not performed top-down, but is driven by the collective strength of community organisations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Forest for a Just Future programme<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In the Forests for a Just Future programme of the <a href=\"https:\/\/greenlivelihoodsalliance.org\/about-us\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/greenlivelihoodsalliance.org\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Green Livelihoods Alliance<\/a>, IUCN NL contributed to more sustainable and inclusive governance of tropical forests, in a way that promoted climate mitigation, water provisioning, biodiversity and human rights and that safeguards the livelihoods of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IP&amp;LCs). IUCN NL also worked together with WARSI in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/strengthen-the-roots\/\">Strengthen the Roots<\/a> programme and currently works with them in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/standing-shoulder-to-shoulder-in-protecting-forest-livelihoods\/\">Shoulder to Shoulder<\/a>&nbsp;programme<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/project\/forests-for-a-just-future\/\">Read more about the programme<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_c78bdb50c228709c137b967b939e81af\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_8c42dcefc4d2eff4b939242f2d01db80\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"team-members__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>Learn more? Contact our expert:<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"team-members__body small-12 grid-x\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IUCN-Anonymous-user-icon.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IUCN-Anonymous-user-icon.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/300;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Maartje\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHilterman<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Senior Expert Environmental Justice<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:maartje.hilterman@iucn.nl\">maartje.hilterman@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__readmore\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">Full profile<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_197174_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_197174_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_197174_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_197174_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_197174_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_197174_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_197174_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959378017300134#sec0010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959378017300134#sec0010<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_197174_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_197174_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_197174_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_197174_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_197174_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_197174_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_197174_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_197174_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_197174_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_197174_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_197174_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_197174_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_197174_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_197174_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tropical forests play a critical role in the stable provisioning of clean, fresh water and related ecosystem services. The challenge of water scarcity is exacerbated by climate change, with roughly half of the world\u2019s population experiencing severe water scarcity for at least part of the year. At IUCN NL, we work towards sustained water supply [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":197177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[286,179,301],"class_list":["post-197174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-forests-and-climate","tag-forests-for-a-just-future-en","tag-strengthen-the-roots-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197174"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":420561,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197174\/revisions\/420561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/197177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}