{"id":260402,"date":"2025-02-21T11:43:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=260402"},"modified":"2025-02-28T10:30:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T09:30:15","slug":"bolivian-environmental-defender-marupa-murdered-they-killed-a-defender-of-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/bolivian-environmental-defender-marupa-murdered-they-killed-a-defender-of-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolivian environmental defender Marupa murdered: \u2018they killed a defender of nature\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Francisco Marupa, defender of the Madidi National Park in Bolivia, was known for his lifelong effort to protect nature, his people and their territory against illegal activities. Last week, he was killed in his own home. Multiple sources connect the murder to criminal groups involved in illegal mining and land grabbing activities<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Opinion. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opinion.com.bo\/articulo\/pais\/asesinan-indigena-pueblo-leco-madidi-culpan-mafias-tierra-mineria-ilegal\/20250214180159966962.html\">Asesinan a un ind\u00edgena del Pueblo Leco en el Madidi y culpan a las mafias de la tierra y de la miner\u00eda ilegal<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">El Deber. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/eldeber.com.bo\/pais\/muerte-de-indigena-se-dio-en-territorio-avasallado-por-mineria-y-trafico-de-madera_504123\/\">Muerte de ind\u00edgena se dio en territorio avasallado por miner\u00eda y tr\u00e1fico de madera<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, but the case is still under investigation. \u2018Extractive activities are fuelling violence in some of the world\u2019s most biodiverse regions. Protecting these communities is crucial, yet this killing sends a clear message: profit is being placed above life. It is essential to document these threats closely and expose the dangers faced by those defending their land,\u2019 says Mariel Cabero, expert environmental justice at IUCN NL.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Header photo: Rio Beni in Madidi National Park \u00a9 Mariel Cabero<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protecting Madidi National Park<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Francisco Marupa was an Indigenous leader of the Leco people of the Torewa territory located in the Madidi National Park in La Paz, Bolivia. He was found murdered in his home on Friday, 15 February. \u2018Not only did they kill a Leco Indigenous person, they also killed a defender of nature, of our mother earth,\u2019 wrote the Indigenous Center of the Leco People of Apolo (CIPLA) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opinion.com.bo\/articulo\/pais\/asesinan-indigena-pueblo-leco-madidi-culpan-mafias-tierra-mineria-ilegal\/20250214180159966962.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in a statement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Due to its biodiversity and cultural significance, the Madidi National Park is a protected area. Mining or other extractive operations should not be performed in this area, but unfortunately this is not the reality. Indigenous peoples face the consequences of these activities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>\u2018Killings are the most extreme form of intimidation, but they are not the only one. Indigenous communities in Madidi, including the Leco people, face constant threats, harassment, and other forms of violence that relate to extractive activities.\u2019<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mariel Cabero, expert environmental justice at IUCN NL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Violence against environmental defenders<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>According to Global Witness, 196 environmental human rights defenders were murdered in 2023, with Colombia reporting the highest number of killings.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Global Witness. (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/environmental-activists\/missing-voices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Missing Voices: The Violent Erasure of Land and Environmental Defenders<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Even though Bolivia is not among the first countries on the list, the death of Fransisco Marupa is not an isolated phenomenon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>\u2018Killings are the most extreme form of intimidation, but they are not the only one. Indigenous communities in Madidi, including the Leco people, face constant threats, harassment, and other forms of violence that relate to extractive activities,\u2019 says Cabero. The Bolivian Centre for Legal Studies and Social Research (CEJIS) reported an increase in violence against defenders in the area of Madidi National Park, along with a rise in illegal mining activities. They state that Indigenous communities standing up against these mining and land grabbing activities, are \u2018extremely vulnerable\u2019.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Erbol. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/erbol.com.bo\/nacional\/cejis-condena-asesinato-de-l%C3%ADder-ind%C3%ADgena-y-alerta-sobre-violencia-por-miner%C3%ADa-ilegal\">CEJIS condena asesinato de l\u00edder ind\u00edgena y alerta sobre violencia por miner\u00eda ilegal<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>According to Dionicio Guti\u00e9rrez, leader of the <em>Territorio Ind\u00edgena Originario<\/em>, the murder of Marupa happened within a context of ongoing intimidation faced by the Leco Indigenous suffering from intimidation for several years now, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opinion.com.bo\/articulo\/pais\/asesinan-indigena-pueblo-leco-madidi-culpan-mafias-tierra-mineria-ilegal\/20250214180159966962.html\">writes the Bolivian newspaper Opini\u00f3n<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/tigre-gente-calls-for-support-for-environmental-defender-marcos-uzquiano\/\">Read about the situation of Bolivian environmental defender Marcos Uzquiano<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Need for action<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The lack of action from the Bolivian authorities to protect the Leco Indigenous peoples and their territorial rights, further facilitates the violence against environmental defenders. Local institutions in Bolivia mention that the death of Francisco Marupahighlights the need to implement effective measures to protect human rights and environmental defenders.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_260402_1('footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Red Eclesial Panamaz\u00f3nica (Repam Bolivia), la Conferencia Eclesial de la Amazon\u00eda (Ceama Bolivia) y los vicariatos apost\u00f3licos de Pando, Reyes y Beni.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_260402_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The Leco people are putting pressure on the State by pushing forward their demands for guarantees for the protection of their legally recognised territories. \u2018Extractive activities are fuelling violence in some of the world\u2019s most biodiverse regions. Protecting these communities is crucial, yet this killing sends a clear message: profit is being placed above life. It is essential to document these threats closely and expose the dangers faced by those defending their land,\u2019 states Cabero.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_e14920f32087cee51b8d7653cc5426ed\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_36d7c74b078df8c6c807cd01725b865c\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"team-members__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>More information? 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href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/a-decade-of-strengthening-environmental-defenders-in-the-peruvian-amazon-lessons-and-recommendations\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Photo-by-Diego-Perez-SPDA-3-1-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Photo-by-Diego-Perez-SPDA-3-1-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Photo-by-Diego-Perez-SPDA-3-1-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            A decade of strengthening environmental defenders in the Peruvian Amazon: Lessons and recommendations\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/146-environmental-and-land-defenders-killed-or-disappeared-in-2024\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Warsi-2024-45-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Warsi-2024-45-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Warsi-2024-45-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            146 environmental and land defenders killed or disappeared in 2024\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n   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                                                 <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Course in Madre de Dios to strengthen the work of Peruvian environmental defenders\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/emergency-funding-as-a-lifeline-for-environmental-defenders\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Emergency funding as a lifeline for environmental defenders\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        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[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Photo-by-Diego-Perez-SPDA-3-1-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            A decade of strengthening environmental defenders in the Peruvian Amazon: Lessons and recommendations\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                  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                                      <h3>\n                            146 environmental and land defenders killed or disappeared in 2024\u00a0\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/course-in-madre-de-dios-to-strengthen-the-work-of-peruvian-environmental-defenders\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Environmental-defenders-course-in-Madre-de-Dios.-Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Environmental-defenders-course-in-Madre-de-Dios.-Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Environmental-defenders-course-in-Madre-de-Dios.-Photo-Diego-Perez-SPDA-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Course in Madre de Dios to strengthen the work of Peruvian environmental defenders\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/emergency-funding-as-a-lifeline-for-environmental-defenders\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ATM-Ban-Open-Pit-Mining-scaled-e1747212719127-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Emergency funding as a lifeline for environmental defenders\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <nav class=\"orbit-bullets\">\n                                                                            <button class=\"is-active\" data-slide=\"0\">\n                            <span 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class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_260402_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_260402_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_260402_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_260402_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Opinion. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opinion.com.bo\/articulo\/pais\/asesinan-indigena-pueblo-leco-madidi-culpan-mafias-tierra-mineria-ilegal\/20250214180159966962.html\">Asesinan a un ind\u00edgena del Pueblo Leco en el Madidi y culpan a las mafias de la tierra y de la miner\u00eda ilegal<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">El Deber. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/eldeber.com.bo\/pais\/muerte-de-indigena-se-dio-en-territorio-avasallado-por-mineria-y-trafico-de-madera_504123\/\">Muerte de ind\u00edgena se dio en territorio avasallado por miner\u00eda y tr\u00e1fico de madera<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Global Witness. (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/environmental-activists\/missing-voices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Missing Voices: The Violent Erasure of Land and Environmental Defenders<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Erbol. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/erbol.com.bo\/nacional\/cejis-condena-asesinato-de-l%C3%ADder-ind%C3%ADgena-y-alerta-sobre-violencia-por-miner%C3%ADa-ilegal\">CEJIS condena asesinato de l\u00edder ind\u00edgena y alerta sobre violencia por miner\u00eda ilegal<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_260402_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_260402_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Red Eclesial Panamaz\u00f3nica (Repam Bolivia), la Conferencia Eclesial de la Amazon\u00eda (Ceama Bolivia) y los vicariatos apost\u00f3licos de Pando, Reyes y Beni.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_260402_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_260402_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_260402_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_260402_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_260402_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_260402_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_260402_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_260402_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_260402_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_260402_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_260402_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_260402_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_260402_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_260402_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Francisco Marupa, defender of the Madidi National Park in Bolivia, was known for his lifelong effort to protect nature, his people and their territory against illegal activities. Last week, he was killed in his own home. Multiple sources connect the murder to criminal groups involved in illegal mining and land grabbing activities[1]Opinion. (2025). Asesinan a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":260405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[163,183,184],"class_list":["post-260402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-environmental-defenders","tag-human-rights-and-nature","tag-mining"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260402"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":261618,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260402\/revisions\/261618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=260402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=260402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}