{"id":273703,"date":"2025-04-24T09:43:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T08:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=273703"},"modified":"2026-03-06T14:52:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T13:52:34","slug":"guguk-village-in-indonesia-protect-their-customary-forest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/guguk-village-in-indonesia-protect-their-customary-forest\/","title":{"rendered":"Guguk village in Indonesia protect their customary forest"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><strong>The customary community Marga Pembarap of Guguk village in the Indonesian province of Jambi have a long history of living off and caring for their customary forest. The right to manage their forest was only interrupted during the era of president Suharto (1966 \u2013 1997) when a concession was granted to a logging company. In 2003, the head of the Merangin district (<em>bupati<\/em>) issued a formal statement confirming that this area of customary forest belongs to the people of Guguk. With the help of KKI Warsi and the EU-supported program \u2018<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/project-page-csos-standing-shoulder-to-shoulder-in-defence-of-forest-livelihoods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>CSOs standing Shoulder to Shoulder in defence of forest livelihoods<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u2019, the village has applied with the Ministry of Forestry to get the official recognition of a <em>hutan adat<\/em> (customary forest). Ahmad Salim Ridwan (KKI WARSI)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ahmad Salim Ridwan is Regional Coordinator West Sumatra &amp; Jambi at KKI WARSI<\/strong><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><strong> and Evelien van den Broek<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Evelien van den Broek is senior expert Environmental Justice at IUCN NL<\/strong><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <strong>(IUCN NL) report.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Header photo: Guguk village <em>\u00a9<\/em><\/mark><\/em> <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Evelien van den Broek \/ IUCN NL<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The village of Guguk is located in the district of Merangin in Jambi, close to the border with the province of West Sumatra. The community of Guguk is part of a broader customary community (<em>masyarakat adat<\/em>) called the Marga Pembarap. In the 1970s, their customary land was split into Guguk and three other villages. Originally, the Guguk settlement was to the south of the Merangin river in an extended forested area &#8211; Bukit Tapanggang &#8211; that is part of the watershed of the Batanghari, Sumatra\u2019s longest river. In the 1950s, the Guguk settlement moved to the northern bank and the old settlement became part of the customary forest again.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-secondary\" id=\"block_4396767d656b7cb6b2fe44bd4be48672\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">History of customary forests in Bukit Tapanggang<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The history of Guguk goes back many centuries; close to the river is an old ancestral grave that dates back to 1749. The people of Guguk have their own customary law which they have lived by for nearly three hundred years. The fundamental principle was, and still remains, that it should be Guguk\u2019s customary community that determines how land and resources are used and by whom.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">For more information about Guguk village, see<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth-indonesia.org\/old-site\/GNS4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.downtoearth-indonesia.org\/old-site\/GNS4.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In the 1970s, the Suharto government redrew the boundaries of villages and the people of Guguk lost collective control over their customary forest. The extensive forests on the rugged hills were zoned as \u2018Production Forest\u2019 and in 1984 granted as a 51,000 ha logging concession (HPH) to the logging company PT Injapsin. Opposition to this decision was impossible, as the HPH system of forest exploitation was part of central government policy and the regime was backed by the military. In 1998, after the fall of Suharto, communities in Guguk dared to call for a stop to the overexploitation of their forests. It was discovered that PT Injapsin and authorities were using different maps depicting the boundaries of the concession. PT Injapsin\u2019s maps were deemed incorrect by the district government\u2019s forestry service, and in 1999 the company returned the forest to the community. Nevertheless, the status of the reclaimed area as customary forest (<em>hutan adat<\/em>) was still not recognised by the government.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In 1999, Guguk village asked the NGO KKI Warsi to help them with participatory mapping and to establish the boundaries of the customary forest. In 2001, Guguk submitted a formal request to the Merangin district authorities for recognition of its customary forest. In 2003, the district head (<em>bupati<\/em>) issued a formal statement confirming that this area of customary forest belongs to the people of Guguk. To strengthen the control over their customary forest, the village adapted the old customary law to current realities and made it more detailed. The new customary forest charter was supported by a village by-law to enable the district authorities to pursue any offenders through the formal legal system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adat and ceremonies<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Guguk\u2019s customary forest of 690 hectares is managed by customary law (<em>adat<\/em>) aimed at preserving the high biodiversity &#8211; at least 84 tree species, several species of monkeys (among others the <em>siamang<\/em>, an endangered arboreal, black-furred gibbon), bears, wild pigs, tigers, trekking elephants, eagles and hornbills. The adapted customary law (2003), titled \u2018Agreement to Manage and Protect Guguk\u2019s Customary Forest\u2019, was signed by the heads of the three hamlets in Guguk village, the village head, <em>adat<\/em> leaders, religious leaders, representatives for women and young people and the village council. After logging company PT Injapsin was found to be illegally logging in the customary forest, it had to pay a symbolic fine in accordance with <em>adat<\/em> &#8211; one buffalo, 100 tins of rice (around 320 kg), 100 coconuts and other foods including cooking spices, sugar and coffee. In a customary ceremony that was attended by the whole community and representatives of the company, the symbolic compensation was celebrated with a ceremony, food and drinks. According to the adat chief of Guguk, the importance of the symbolic fine was the recognition of the principle that customary communities have the right to control their natural resources. In 2003, another large traditional ceremony was held after the district head (<em>bupati<\/em>) of Merangin formally stated that the customary forest belongs to the people of Guguk.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-273799 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/768;width:443px;height:auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2.jpg 1600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Photo: Merangin river near Guguk village. \u00a9 Femke Schouten \/ IUCN NL<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forest management<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Decisions on land ownership, natural resource use, security and social issues are made by the Adat Council, which is comprised of the heads of the extended families or sub-clans who in turn select the customary leader. In general, the customary leader is responsible for adat issues as a whole. The adat stipulates that all of the forest in the customary domain belongs to the customary community and is controlled by adat institutions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The management of the <em>hutan adat<\/em> is the responsibility of the Forest Management Group (FMG), established in 2003. Its forest management plan, which is also part of a village by-law, distinguishes between several types of forest use. There are different rules for each type. Certain areas of forest, mainly on the steepest slopes, are protected. It stipulates that logging is prohibited within 25 metres of streams and 50 metres from riverbanks and describes the procedures to approve any forest exploitation and how to deal with offenders. The forest management plan describes the functions of the <em>hutan adat<\/em> as a source of timber for the community homes and village facilities; as a source of honey, fruits and medicinal plants; to protect wildlife; and as a location for ecotourism. Collecting fruits<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tree fruits in the forest &#8211; such as tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa), bidaro (Eurycoma longifolia), ambacang (a kind of mango) and rambutan hutan<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> is allowed, if trees are not damaged. The FMG carries out regular patrols of the <em>hutan adat<\/em>, including to the furthest boundaries \u2013 some three days walk away \u2013 and then report back to the group\u2019s fortnightly meetings. In practice, the whole community plays a role in protecting the forest, as anyone who hears a chainsaw will go to find out what is going on. Anyone breaking the local regulation on the use of the <em>hutan adat<\/em> has to pay a symbolic fine in the form of a goat, cans of rice or the cash equivalent. Any fines or fees collected are divided up between the village treasury (40%), the Forest Management Group (30%), the clan funds (20%) and the village youth organisation (10%). If the offender refuses to pay, they will be prosecuted through the formal legal channels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Buffer zone Kerinci Seblat National Park&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>With support of KKI Warsi, Guguk village managed to get recognition of its 690 hectares customary forest (<em>hutan adat<\/em>) from the district head (<em>bupati<\/em>) of Merangin in 2003. Afterwards, the Merangin forestry service provided Guguk with 50,000 tree seedlings as part of its Watershed Rehabilitation project. Moreover, as a token of recognition, the Jambi provincial government awarded the village with the Kalpataru, a prestigious environmental prize. To prevent the issuance of another logging concession in the <em>hutan adat<\/em>, it is crucial to also get official recognition from the ministry of Forestry. Guguk\u2019s <em>hutan adat<\/em> will strengthen the buffer zone of Kerinci Seblat National Park. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:22px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"273\" height=\"293\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Map-of-Guguk-village.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-273795 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 273px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 273\/293;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"197\" height=\"227\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/legend-guguk-village-map.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-273797 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 197px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 197\/227;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Image: map of Hutan Desas in buffer zone Kerinci Seblat National Park.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:23px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Under the EU-backed programme \u2018CSOs standing Shoulder to Shoulder in defence of forest livelihoods\u2019, KKI Warsi, Walhi and IUCN NL are supporting communities around Kerinci Seblat National Park to secure a permit to manage their forest as <em>Hutan Desa, Hutan Kemasyarakatan <\/em>or <em>Hutan Adat<\/em> and thus establish a buffer zone around the park.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/project-page-csos-standing-shoulder-to-shoulder-in-defence-of-forest-livelihoods\/\">Read more about &#8216;Shoulder to Shoulder&#8217; here<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Feminist Participatory Action Research&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The NGO Aksi! contributes to the programme by organising and empowering the women with Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/momentum-for-change\/activity-database\/feminist-participatory-action-research\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/momentum-for-change\/activity-database\/feminist-participatory-action-research<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>). FPAR is a conceptual and methodological framework that enables a critical understanding of complex oppressive structures and relationships that undermine social justice<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_273703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fparacademy.com\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.fparacademy.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_273703_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. It is an approach that centres gender and women\u2019s experiences, accounts for intersectionality, and aims to challenge systems and structures to improve the lives of marginalised women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In February 2025, members from the IUCN NL and KKI Warsi teams were received in the office of the Guguk village government. Here, the women present illustrated the impact of the FPAR session organised by Aksi! just a week prior. The village head and the head of the Forest Management Group presented the history and the management of the <em>adat<\/em> forest, after which the floor was taken by the head of Guguk\u2019s women group, mrs. Minarni. She discussed the FPAR session and emphasised the important role women play in the sustainable management of the forest and in the village economy. For instance, the women are engaged in collecting forest products and manage homestays for eco-tourists. Militantly, she challenged the men in the room to also include women in the FMG and in other decision-making village institutes. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Aksi! will continue to support the Guguk community in strengthening the role and place of women and ensure that all capacities (of men, women, young and old) are used to protect the forest and improve the livelihoods.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recognition <em>Hutan Adat<\/em>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The people of Guguk village are well organised and determined to preserve their <em>hutan adat<\/em>. Now it is up to the forest minister to recognise the Guguk <em>hutan adat<\/em>, block the way for logging concessions in this high-biodiversity forest, and thereby strengthen the buffer zone around Kerinci Seblat National Park.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Forest for a Just Future programme<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>With the Forests for a Just Future programme of the Green Livelihoods Alliance, IUCN NL contributes to more sustainable and inclusive governance of tropical forests, in a way that promotes climate mitigation, water provisioning, biodiversity and human rights and that safeguards the rights and livelihoods of IP&amp;LCs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/forests-for-a-just-future\/\">Read more about the programme<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em>This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Evelien van den Broek \/ IUCN NL and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_f8d154a0a65f39370c4b2dfbb409e3a8\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_45da224a29fd7082b21546b980e2dc4f\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"team-members__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>For more information, contact:<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"team-members__body small-12 grid-x\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/107FemkeIUCN130525-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/107FemkeIUCN130525-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Femke Schouten IUCN NL\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2560px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2560\/2560;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Femke \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSchouten<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Junior Project Officer<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:femke.schouten@iucn.nl\">femke.schouten@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/68IUCN-160519.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/68IUCN-160519.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2373px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2373\/2373;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Evelien\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvan den Broek<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Senior Expert Environmental Justice<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:evelien.vandenbroek@iucn.nl\">evelien.vandenbroek@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"posts related_content small-12\">\n    <div class=\"post__titlebar grid-x\">\n                    <h2 class=\"post__title\">Read more<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"post__body\">\n                    <div class=\"grid-x grid-margin-x show-for-medium\">\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/change-the-game-academy-green-launched-free-courses-on-local-fundraising-and-mobilising-support\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Change the Game Academy Green launched: free courses on local fundraising\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/the-story-of-laguna-caceres-how-intensive-agriculture-fuels-extreme-droughts-and-fires\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Laguna-Caceres-pier-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Laguna-Caceres-pier-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Laguna-Caceres-pier-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            The story of Laguna C\u00e1ceres: How intensive agriculture fuels extreme droughts and fires\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/floods-remind-simancuang-village-in-indonesia-to-value-their-forest\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Floods remind Simancuang village in Indonesia to value their forest\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/creating-sustainable-futures-enhancing-agarwood-production-in-west-sumatra\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Creating sustainable futures: Enhancing agarwood production in West Sumatra\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n                <div class=\"orbit\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Read more\" data-orbit>\n                    <div class=\"orbit-wrapper\">\n                        <ul class=\"orbit-container\">\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/change-the-game-academy-green-launched-free-courses-on-local-fundraising-and-mobilising-support\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/IMG_6262-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Change the Game Academy Green launched: free courses on local fundraising\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    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C\u00e1ceres: How intensive agriculture fuels extreme droughts and fires\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/blog\/floods-remind-simancuang-village-in-indonesia-to-value-their-forest\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_foto-lanskap-simancuang-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Blog\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Floods remind Simancuang village in Indonesia to value their forest\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/creating-sustainable-futures-enhancing-agarwood-production-in-west-sumatra\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Training-on-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-Production-Activities-and-Marketing-Strategies-for-Agarwood-Leaf-Herbal-Drink-Products_website-format-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Creating sustainable futures: Enhancing agarwood production in West Sumatra\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <nav class=\"orbit-bullets\">\n                                                                            <button class=\"is-active\" data-slide=\"0\">\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span>\n                            <span class=\"show-for-sr\" data-slide-active-label><\/span>\n                        <\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"1\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"2\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                                                    <button data-slide=\"3\"><span class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                <\/nav>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_273703_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_273703_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_273703_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_273703_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ahmad Salim Ridwan is Regional Coordinator West Sumatra &amp; Jambi at KKI WARSI<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Evelien van den Broek is senior expert Environmental Justice at IUCN NL<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">For more information about Guguk village, see<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth-indonesia.org\/old-site\/GNS4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.downtoearth-indonesia.org\/old-site\/GNS4.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tree fruits in the forest &#8211; such as tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa), bidaro (Eurycoma longifolia), ambacang (a kind of mango) and rambutan hutan<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/momentum-for-change\/activity-database\/feminist-participatory-action-research\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/momentum-for-change\/activity-database\/feminist-participatory-action-research<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_273703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_273703_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_273703_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fparacademy.com\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.fparacademy.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_273703_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_273703_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_273703_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_273703_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_273703_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_273703_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_273703_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_273703_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_273703_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_273703_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_273703_1(p_str_TargetID) { 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The right to manage their forest was only interrupted during the era of president Suharto (1966 \u2013 1997) when a concession was granted to a logging company. 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