{"id":414107,"date":"2025-07-03T12:50:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/?p=414107"},"modified":"2026-03-24T09:05:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T08:05:58","slug":"supporting-indigenous-water-defenders-in-the-philippines-lessons-from-the-sierra-madre-forest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/supporting-indigenous-water-defenders-in-the-philippines-lessons-from-the-sierra-madre-forest\/","title":{"rendered":"Supporting Indigenous water defenders in the Philippines: Lessons from the Sierra Madre forest"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><strong>The Kaliwa dam project in the southern Sierra Madre has drawn significant attention due to concerns raised by Indigenous communities. Intended to divert water from rural to urban areas, the project threatens one of the country\u2019s most biodiverse regions &#8211; its largest remaining rainforest &#8211; and the lives it sustains.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savesierramadre.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Save Sierra Madre<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/indigenous-communities-in-the-philippines-defend-their-rights\/\">IUCN NL. (2021) Indigenous communities in the Philippines defend their rights<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> A decade of solidarity with Indigenous river defenders reveals how community rights and livelihoods, forest and water protection, and equitable urban-rural relations are deeply intertwined.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Header photo: Aerial photo of Brgy Daraitan Tanay Rizal \u00a9 Erwin Mascarinas \/ NRFP-EP Philippines<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The Kaliwa dam is part of the Government of the Philippines\u2019 (GOVPH) New Centennial Water Source program, launched in 2019 during the administration of former President Rodrigo Duterte. Funded through a $211 million loan from China, the $317 million project involves a 63-meter-high concrete dam that seeks to divert water from the Kaliwa river through a tunnel toward the metropolitan area of Manila, home to over thirteen million residents. According to the government agency Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), the mega dam is expected to supply the capital with an additional six hundred million litres of water per day by 2027, offering a solution to the city\u2019s persistent water shortages.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/05\/it-gives-life-philippine-tribe-fights-to-save-a-sacred-river-from-a-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mongabay. (2023). \u2018It gives life\u2019: Philippine tribe fights to save a sacred river from a dam<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e65577504f3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e65577504f3\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-1024x627.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414119 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-1024x627.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-1536x940.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/KD-Map-1-2048x1254.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/627;\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><sup>A map of the Kaliwa dam project \u00a9 STOP Kaliwa Dam Network<\/sup><\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The dam reflects a state-sponsored development model that favours urban consumption while marginalising rural interests, Indigenous lands, biodiversity, and the ecosystems that underpin long-term water security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414122 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-1536x860.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A.jpg 1929w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/573;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414124 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Kaliwa-Dam-Access-road-posted-12-Sept-2020-by-DPWH-RO-IV-A-3.jpg 1918w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/577;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><sup>The access road to the Kaliwa dam cuts right through the Sierra Madre forests \u00a9 STOP Kaliwa Dam Network<\/sup><\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cThere is no alternative to the dam\u201d: A flawed narrative justifying Manila\u2019s manufactured water crisis<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The GOVPH justifies the Kaliwa dam plans, stating that it is the only way to prevent yet another water crisis in Manila. Framed as an inevitable solution for the capital\u2019s growing population, this narrative obscures urban inequalities and poor water governance.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Talamayan, F. (2021). Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines. International Center for Cultural Studies&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_4');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Water scarcity in Manila is not solely an issue of limited natural supply. Uneven consumption patterns, systemic leakage, weak management, and deforestation and watershed degradation also play a major role. While wealthier households often enjoy round-the-clock water access, the marginalised urban residents face intermittent service. Estimates suggest that 20\u201330% of treated water is lost through leaking pipes, illegal connections, and inefficient distribution. Management of the city\u2019s water system is fragmented across multiple agencies resulting in poor coordination and enforcement. Meanwhile, catchment areas like the Sierra Madre have been logged or converted, reducing natural water regulation and the reliability of river flows.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Manila\u2019s recurring \u201cwater crisis\u201d is therefore not a natural phenomenon, but socially and politically produced. By building a new dam, the Philippine government ignores structural issues and power imbalances that need to be addressed to ensure a more equitable and sustainable water supply.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Producing urban-rural inequalities and multifaceted losses<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>It is clear that the dam is not a neutral-technical solution, as suggested by its proponents. It profoundly reflects urban-rural inequalities, giving priority to some people and their lifestyles over others. Rural resources are often diverted to serve urban needs. In this context the project symbolises a clash between urban-industrial needs under a modernist state-led development model, and the rights of rural communities who have long protected and depended on the river.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Talamayan, F. (2021). Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines. International Center for Cultural Studies&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maningo, C. A. (2023). The Case of the Kaliwa Dam Project in Quezon Province, Philippines: Curbing Contentions Through Active Deliberation Among Indigenous and Marginalized Communities. Graduate&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414131 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2020-Gen.-Nakar-Quezon-maulan-G-Alegre-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/768;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">The Sierra Madre forest area \u00a9 STOP Kaliwa Dam Network<\/mark><\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In numbers, the dam would flood approximately 291 hectares of old-growth and secondary forest &#8211; including within the Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve, which is the Ancestral Domain of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BbLbUj-DNpk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dumagat-Remontado Indigenous people<\/a>. Its construction threatens both upstream and downstream populations. Upstream, the dam affects between ~400 and ~1,465 Indigenous Peoples (IP) households &#8211; including displacement of 20-30 IP households living in the reservoir areas loss of sacred sites, hunting grounds and forest areas vital to their subsistence, as well as restricted access to ancestral domains once the area becomes a reservoir. Downstream, approximately 100,000 residents face increased risks of landslides and massive flooding.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/05\/it-gives-life-philippine-tribe-fights-to-save-a-sacred-river-from-a-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mongabay. (2023). \u2018It gives life\u2019: Philippine tribe fights to save a sacred river from a dam<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hitik-journal.reapph.org\/NCCRE\/article\/view\/74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COMMON GOOD VS. EXCLUSIVE PROGRESS: THE CRY OF KALIWA AND ITS IMPENDING DESTRUCTION. (2024).&nbsp;National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings,&nbsp;11, 44-45.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In that sense, the dam threatens the livelihoods of both upstream and downstream communities. This includes smallholder farming, fishing, and ecotourism, all closely attuned to the natural rhythms of the Sierra Madre and the Kaliwa river. These sustainable livelihoods are to be replaced by temporary construction jobs, long-term displacement, food insecurity, and poverty.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Vice-Versa-special-GBV-Article-Phillipines-Dec-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ramos, M. S. (2022). \u2018We are not invisible\u2019. VICE VERSA GLOBAL.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>For the Dumagat-Remontado, the river is sacred, central to their identity, health, and spirituality; diverting its flows and flooding ancestral lands would destroy sacred sites and territorially rooted cultural practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Moreover, the flooded forest is highly biodiverse, home to over 170 plant species and countless wildlife that depend on the Sierra Madre\u2019s delicate ecosystem. The dam construction has already caused deforestation and river siltation, undermining the integrity of a watershed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fierce opposition and violent response: The challenges of defending the river and riverine lives<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The stark injustices and feared losses sparks opposition. A coalition of civil society organisations is fighting the project through legal action and a nationwide campaign calling for its cancellation. Activists argue that the dam violates environmental laws and disregards the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous peoples. Some communities have raised concerns about the clarity and completeness of information shared during the consent process, which contributed to divisions within communities. Indigenous groups that agreed to the project received financial compensation. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/05\/it-gives-life-philippine-tribe-fights-to-save-a-sacred-river-from-a-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mongabay. (2023). \u2018It gives life\u2019: Philippine tribe fights to save a sacred river from a dam<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-Alay-Lakad-Photo-fr-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414141 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/686;object-fit:cover\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-Alay-Lakad-Photo-fr-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-Alay-Lakad-Photo-fr-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-Alay-Lakad-Photo-fr-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-Alay-Lakad-Photo-fr-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1.jpg 1440w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414138 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2023-03-23-SKDN-PressCon-Clara-Conchita-Bella_Photo-from-Stop-Kaliwa-Dam-Network.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/683;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><sup><em>Indigenous communities protest against the construction of the dam<\/em> \u00a9 STOP Kaliwa Dam Network<\/sup><\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>However, opposition to the dam is hard to sustain, as it faces both subtle and overt forms of violence. Dumagat-Remontado communities report being blocked from accessing their territory, undermining their livelihoods and cultural practices. Some of those who speak out against the project have been subjected to \u201cred-tagging\u201d. This is a tactic used by authorities to brand activists, environmental and human rights defenders (EHRDs), and Indigenous leaders as communists or terrorists, which often results in harassment, surveillance, and, in some cases, extrajudicial violence carried out with impunity.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/05\/it-gives-life-philippine-tribe-fights-to-save-a-sacred-river-from-a-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mongabay. (2023). \u2018It gives life\u2019: Philippine tribe fights to save a sacred river from a dam<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Talamayan, F. (2021). Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines. International Center for Cultural Studies&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_12');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The experiences of the Dumagat-Remontado reflect a wider reality: the Philippines is one of the most dangerous places for land and environmental defenders, with Indigenous peoples, women and youth disproportionately at risk.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/land-and-environmental-defenders\/roots-of-resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Global Witness. (2025). Roots of resistance: Documenting the global struggles of defenders protecting land and environmental rights. <\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The need for alliances: Strengthening Indigenous territorial governance and environmental human rights<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/greenlivelihoodsalliance.org\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Green Livelihoods Alliance <\/a>(GLA)\u2019s Forests for a Just Future programme and its predecessor, IUCN NL and NTFP-EP Philippines collaborated closely to strengthen Indigenous rights and territorial governance. Their efforts aim to help communities recognise and assert their rights, protect ancestral lands and cultural practices, and defend their river and biodiversity in the face of a large-scale development project.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_414107_1('footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ntfp.org\/exchange_news\/in-photos-gla-visits-dumagat-remontado-ancestral-domain-in-rizal-philippines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NTFP-EP (2023). IN PHOTOS: GLA visits Dumagat-Remontado ancestral domain in Rizal, Philippines<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_414107_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\"><p class=\"cookiebanner_video_embed\" id=\"1tvh4ki5kpp3kc33\"> In order to view this movie you have to accept &#8216;Social media and advertising&#8217; cookies. Click <a class=\"open-cookie-settings\">here<\/a> to change your cookie settings.  <script>if(!window.dgmCookieVideoBlocks) { window.dgmCookieVideoBlocks=[]; } window.dgmCookieVideoBlocks.push({ content: \"<figure class='wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio'><div class='wp-block-embed__wrapper'><iframe title='DamDamin: Kwentong Katutubo, Kalikasan at Kaliwa Dam' width='500' height='281' data-src='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BbLbUj-DNpk?feature=oembed' frameborder='0' allow='accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share' referrerpolicy='strict-origin-when-cross-origin' allowfullscreen src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==' class='lazyload' data-load-mode='1'><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\", id: \"1tvh4ki5kpp3kc33\" });<\/script> <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>The alliance brings local and international partners together, linking grassroots struggles with broader advocacy to ensure Indigenous voices are heard at both national and international levels. The programme focuses on building solidarity, strengthening community leadership, and promoting the sustainable stewardship of forests and rivers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>NTFP-EP Philippines (NTFP-EP PH)engages in rights-based advocacy and community empowerment, including raising awareness of legal rights (such as FPIC), advancing sustainable livelihoods tied to non-timber forest products, and forest conservation work. Women\u2019s leadership and empowerment feature prominently in these efforts, by strengthening women\u2019s groups and their voice in forest governance and decision making, including through national women\u2019s assemblies and broader rights advocacy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>NTFP-EP PH also amplifies Indigenous youth voices under the GLA programme. Creating supportive networks like the Ugnayin National Indigenous Youth Network Philippines (UGNAYIN PH) and youth-led spaces (like I-YES Camps) enable them to practice speaking up, organising, and showing up for culture and forests. Youth leaders like Lovely Villegas have strengthened their confidence to contribute to their community and defend their ancestral lands.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IUCN NL\u2019s long-standing commitment to the Sierra Madre communities<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>Both under the Green Livelihoods Alliance and its predecessor, IUCN NL actively supported the struggle for justice and against the Kaliwa dam. This includes backing Indigenous- and women-led advocacy networks to amplify their voices in decision-making processes, locally and internationally, ensuring that the perspectives of the Dumagat-Remontado and other Indigenous groups are recognised in discussions on water security, forest governance, and human rights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>As part of its long-standing commitment, IUCN NL also organised a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/supporting-indigenous-peoples-rights-when-facing-plans-for-large-dams\/\">learning exchange visit<\/a> to two large dams in another region of the Philippines built over 50 years ago This learning exchange resulted in a better understanding of the risks of large dams on livelihoods and the ecosystem among the Indigenous groups from the Sierra Madre and the communities from Sierra Madre felt strengthened in their efforts to protect their territory and livelihoods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-secondary\" id=\"block_4dfb82829f62221ce571c564636f5521\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lessons from a decade of supporting Indigenous water and forest defence struggle<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the Sierra Madre, deforestation and watershed degradation are deeply interconnected. Opposing the Kaliwa mega dam and defending Indigenous territories is not opposition to progress &#8211; it is a call for intergenerational water justice, ensuring access to water for both present and future rural and urban generations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Riverine territories and the communities that depend on them hold multiple values \u2013 among them are ecological, cultural, economic, and spiritual. Rivers must thus be understood as more than water resources for urban consumption, embodying interdependence between people, forests, and rivers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indigenous peoples and women\u2019s leadership are central to protecting water, forests, and human rights while sustaining biodiversity and community well-being. Their voices and demands gain strength through solidarity, partnerships, and multi-level advocacy, linking local struggles to national and global arenas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Forest for a Just Future programme<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<p>In the Forests for a Just Future programme of the <a href=\"https:\/\/greenlivelihoodsalliance.org\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Green Livelihoods Alliance<\/a>, IUCN NL contributed to more sustainable and inclusive governance of tropical forests, in a way that promotes climate mitigation, water provisioning, biodiversity and human rights and that safeguards the livelihoods of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IP&amp;LCs).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block block-container small-12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/project\/forests-for-a-just-future\/\">Read more about this programme<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"background background-preset-primary\" id=\"block_15f43f8dc3564dd0f49b35b9bb700262\">\n             <div class=\"dark custom-padding-top\">\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"smallteam-members__name12 large-offset-1 large-10\">\n\t<div id=\"team-members-block_7eb39aa16ef1d84c07e97a17101ad072\" class=\"team-members team-members-block block\">\n\t\t<span class=\"anchor-id\" id=\"\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"team-members__title\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>For more information, contact: <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"team-members__body small-12 grid-x\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IUCN-Anonymous-user-icon.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/IUCN-Anonymous-user-icon.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/300;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Maartje\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHilterman<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Senior Expert Environmental Justice<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:maartje.hilterman@iucn.nl\">maartje.hilterman@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__readmore\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/maartje-hilterman\/\" target=\"\">Full profile<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__item grid-x small-12 medium-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image cell shrink\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/hannah-porada-senior-expert-environmental-justice\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__image-wrapper lazyload\" style=\"background-image:inherit;\" data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/93HannahIUCN130525-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2025\/06\/93HannahIUCN130525-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Hannah IUCN NL\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2560px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2560\/2560;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info cell auto\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__info-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/hannah-porada-senior-expert-environmental-justice\/\" target=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__name\">Hannah\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPorada<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__jobtitle\">Expert Environmental Justice<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__email\">Email:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:Hannah.Porada@iucn.nl\">Hannah.Porada@iucn.nl<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"team-members__readmore\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/hannah-porada-senior-expert-environmental-justice\/\" target=\"\">Full profile<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"posts related_content small-12\">\n    <div class=\"post__titlebar grid-x\">\n                    <h2 class=\"post__title\">Read more<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"post__body\">\n                    <div class=\"grid-x grid-margin-x show-for-medium\">\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/interweaving-waters-forests-and-communities-strategies-and-lessons-for-water-justice\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Report: Interweaving waters, forests, and communities &#8211; Strategies and lessons for water justice\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/statement-invest-in-local-leadership-for-tropical-forest-management-and-local-economies\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Statement: Invest in local leadership for tropical forest management and local economies\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/social-forestry-in-indonesia-forest-protection-and-sustainable-livelihoods-amid-flash-floods\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Social forestry in Indonesia: forest protection and sustainable livelihoods amid flash floods\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cell large-3 medium-6 small-12\">\n                        <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/modeling-water-futures-how-climate-change-and-deforestation-are-draining-the-chiquitania\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Modeling water futures: how climate change and deforestation are draining the Chiquitania\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n                <div class=\"orbit\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Read more\" data-orbit>\n                    <div class=\"orbit-wrapper\">\n                        <ul class=\"orbit-container\">\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/publication\/interweaving-waters-forests-and-communities-strategies-and-lessons-for-water-justice\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/04\/website-Uitgelichte-foto-bij-bericht-12-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Publications\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Report: Interweaving waters, forests, and communities &#8211; Strategies and lessons for water justice\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/statement-invest-in-local-leadership-for-tropical-forest-management-and-local-economies\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tom-Laffay_Peru_Madre-de-Dios_river-side-village-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    News\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Statement: Invest in local leadership for tropical forest management and local economies\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/social-forestry-in-indonesia-forest-protection-and-sustainable-livelihoods-amid-flash-floods\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Warsi-2024-2-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Social forestry in Indonesia: forest protection and sustainable livelihoods amid flash floods\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/article>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li class=\"is-active orbit-slide\">\n                                <article class=\"post post-type-post\">\n\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/story\/modeling-water-futures-how-climate-change-and-deforestation-are-draining-the-chiquitania\/\">\n        <div class=\"post__image\"\n            data-interchange=\"[https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-600x0-c-default.jpg, small], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-800x0-c-default.jpg, medium], [https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/agua-IUCN-28-scaled-1800x0-c-default.jpg, large]\">\n            \n            <div class=\"post__in\">\n                <div class=\"post__in--info\">\n                                    <div class=\"post__in--label\">\n                                                                                    Feature stories\n                                                                        <\/div>\n\n                                                                <h3>\n                            Modeling water futures: how climate change and deforestation are draining the Chiquitania\n                        <\/h3>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"post__link\">\n                    <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    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class=\"show-for-sr\"><\/span><\/button>\n                                                                <\/nav>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h2><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_414107_1();\">Index<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_414107_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_414107_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_414107_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Index<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savesierramadre.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Save Sierra Madre<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/en\/news\/indigenous-communities-in-the-philippines-defend-their-rights\/\">IUCN NL. (2021) Indigenous communities in the Philippines defend their rights<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_3');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_7');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_10');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_11');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/05\/it-gives-life-philippine-tribe-fights-to-save-a-sacred-river-from-a-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mongabay. (2023). \u2018It gives life\u2019: Philippine tribe fights to save a sacred river from a dam<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3748391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Talamayan, F. (2021). Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines. International Center for Cultural Studies Working Paper Series.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_5');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_12');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3748391\">Talamayan, F. (2021). Mapping Anti-Dam Movements: The Politics of Water Reservoir Construction and Hydropower Development Projects in the Philippines. International Center for Cultural Studies Working Paper Series.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/so07.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/GRPSPAJ\/article\/view\/2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maningo, C. A. (2023). The Case of the Kaliwa Dam Project in Quezon Province, Philippines: Curbing Contentions Through Active Deliberation Among Indigenous and Marginalized Communities. Graduate Review of Political Science and Public Administration Journal, 2(1), 25\u201352.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hitik-journal.reapph.org\/NCCRE\/article\/view\/74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COMMON GOOD VS. EXCLUSIVE PROGRESS: THE CRY OF KALIWA AND ITS IMPENDING DESTRUCTION. (2024).&nbsp;National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings,&nbsp;11, 44-45.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/app\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Vice-Versa-special-GBV-Article-Phillipines-Dec-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ramos, M. S. (2022). \u2018We are not invisible\u2019. VICE VERSA GLOBAL.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/land-and-environmental-defenders\/roots-of-resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Global Witness. (2025). Roots of resistance: Documenting the global struggles of defenders protecting land and environmental rights. <\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_414107_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_414107_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ntfp.org\/exchange_news\/in-photos-gla-visits-dumagat-remontado-ancestral-domain-in-rizal-philippines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NTFP-EP (2023). IN PHOTOS: GLA visits Dumagat-Remontado ancestral domain in Rizal, Philippines<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_414107_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_414107_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_414107_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_414107_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_414107_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_414107_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_414107_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_414107_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_414107_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_414107_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_414107_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_414107_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_414107_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_414107_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Kaliwa dam project in the southern Sierra Madre has drawn significant attention due to concerns raised by Indigenous communities. 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